| Note | Description | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | | [[notes/Aleatory probability.md\|Aleatory probability]] | Probabilities derived from random processes or games of chance that are inherently unpredictable. | | [[notes/Algebraic functions.md\|Algebraic functions]] | Functions defined by polynomials and rational expressions, where the variable is raised to integer powers and combined with arithmetic operations. | | [[notes/All models are wrong.md\|All models are wrong]] | A reminder that scientific and statistical models are simplifications of reality and inevitably contain inaccuracies, yet can still be useful. | | [[notes/Banach-Tarski paradox.md\|Banach-Tarski paradox]] | A theorem in set‑theoretic geometry showing that a solid sphere can be decomposed into finitely many pieces and reassembled into two identical spheres of the original size. | | [[notes/Black swan.md\|Black swan]] | An unpredictable, rare event with severe consequences that often appears obvious in hindsight. | | [[notes/Bonferroni correction.md\|Bonferroni correction]] | A statistical adjustment to control the probability of making false discoveries when conducting multiple comparisons. | | [[notes/Butterfly effect.md\|Butterfly effect]] | The sensitive dependence on initial conditions in chaotic systems, where small changes can lead to vastly different outcomes. | | [[notes/Category theory.md\|Category theory]] | A branch of mathematics that studies abstract structures and relationships between them through objects and morphisms. | | [[notes/Composition.md\|Composition]] | Relationships that can be deduced can also be omitted. | | [[notes/Constructor theory.md\|Constructor theory]] | The theory that fundamental laws can be expressed in terms of what physical transformations are possible and impossible. | | [[notes/Credence probability.md\|Credence probability]] | An individual’s subjective degree of belief in the truth of a proposition, often expressed as a probability. | | [[notes/Data dredging.md\|Data dredging]] | The misuse of data analysis to find spurious patterns by performing numerous statistical tests without prior hypotheses. | | [[notes/Domino effect.md\|Domino effect]] | A cumulative chain reaction where one event sets off a sequence of similar events, often used to describe cascading failures. | | [[notes/Double pendulum.md\|Double pendulum]] | A dynamical system of two linked pendulums that exhibits chaotic motion due to sensitivity to initial conditions. | | [[notes/Ergodic theory.md\|Ergodic theory]] | A branch of mathematics that studies the statistical behaviour of dynamical systems over long periods of time. | | [[notes/Ergodicity.md\|Ergodicity]] | A property of a system where time averages and ensemble averages coincide; often contrasted with path‑dependent processes. | | [[notes/Eulerian path.md\|Eulerian path]] | A trail in a graph that visits every edge exactly once. | | [[notes/Feigenbaum constant.md\|Feigenbaum constant]] | A mathematical constant (~4.669) that characterizes the period‑doubling route to chaos in certain dynamical systems. | | [[notes/First-order logic.md\|First-order logic]] | A formal system that allows quantification over individual variables, widely used in mathematics and computer science. | | [[notes/Forking paths problem.md\|Forking paths problem]] | The challenge in statistical analyses where multiple testing choices can lead to different conclusions; also refers to narrative branching in literature. | | [[notes/Hamiltonian path.md\|Hamiltonian path]] | A path in a graph that visits each vertex exactly once. | | [[notes/Howler.md\|Howler]] | \- | | [[notes/Inspection paradox.md\|Inspection paradox]] | \- | | [[notes/Intransitivity.md\|Intransitivity]] | \- | | [[notes/Kaprekar's constant.md\|Kaprekar's constant]] | \- | | [[notes/Khinchin's constant.md\|Khinchin's constant]] | \- | | [[notes/Klein bottle.md\|Klein bottle]] | \- | | [[notes/Langlands program.md\|Langlands program]] | \- | | [[notes/Lipschitz condition.md\|Lipschitz condition]] | \- | | [[notes/Logical connectives.md\|Logical connectives]] | \- | | [[notes/Lorenz system.md\|Lorenz system]] | \- | | [[notes/Malkus waterwheel.md\|Malkus waterwheel]] | \- | | [[notes/Markov chain.md\|Markov chain]] | \- | | [[notes/Mean sojourn time.md\|Mean sojourn time]] | \- | | [[notes/Möbius strip.md\|Möbius strip]] | \- | | [[notes/Multiplication.md\|Multiplication]] | \- | | [[notes/Navier–Stokes equations.md\|Navier–Stokes equations]] | \- | | [[notes/Nine Zulu Queens Ruled China.md\|Nine Zulu Queens Ruled China]] | \- | | [[notes/Nonlinear system.md\|Nonlinear system]] | \- | | [[notes/Order statistics.md\|Order statistics]] | \- | | [[notes/Poincaré map.md\|Poincaré map]] | \- | | [[notes/Poincaré recurrence theorem.md\|Poincaré recurrence theorem]] | \- | | [[notes/Probabilistic forecasting.md\|Probabilistic forecasting]] | \- | | [[notes/Propositional logic.md\|Propositional logic]] | \- | | [[notes/Ramanujan summation.md\|Ramanujan summation]] | \- | | [[notes/Reversion to the mean.md\|Reversion to the mean]] | \- | | [[notes/Riemann hypothesis.md\|Riemann hypothesis]] | \- | | [[notes/Self-organized criticality.md\|Self-organized criticality]] | \- | | [[notes/Serendipity.md\|Serendipity]] | \- | | [[notes/Sierpiński triangle.md\|Sierpiński triangle]] | \- | | [[notes/Smale’s horseshoe.md\|Smale’s horseshoe]] | \- | | [[notes/The other butterfly effect.md\|The other butterfly effect]] | \- | | [[notes/Transitivity.md\|Transitivity]] | \- | | [[notes/Twin prime conjecture.md\|Twin prime conjecture]] | \- | | [[notes/White Earth climate.md\|White Earth climate]] | \- |