>[!abstract] >In *Nicomachean Ethics*, Aristotle identified twelve virtues which, in combination, lead to *[[eudaimonia]]*, the virtuous life. Those virtues translate into behaviors and are acquired by patience and emulating role models. Each virtue is a "golden mean" between a deficiency and an excess, which Aristotle lists as well. ## List of moral virtues (*aretai ēthikai*) - Courage in the face of fear (*andreia*) - Temperance in the face of pleasure and pain (*sōphrosynē*) - Liberality with wealth and possessions (*eleutheriotēs*) - Magnificence with great wealth and possessions (*megaloprepeia*) - Magnanimity with great honors (*megalopsychia*) - Proper ambition with normal honors (unnamed) - Good temper / Mildness (*praotēs*) - Truthfulness and honesty with self-expression (*alētheia*) - Wittiness in conversation ([[eutrapelia]]) - Friendliness in social conduct (*philia*) - Modesty (*aidōs*) - Justice and righteous indignation in the face of injury (*nemesis*) ## List of intellectual virtues (*aretai dianoētikai*) - Intelligence (*nous*) - Science (*episteme*) - Theoretical wisdom (*sophia*) >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): — >- **West** (similar): — >- **East** (different): — >- **South** (downstream): —