Ethereum is (Nichol, 2025): - **Decentralized**: Ethereum operates on a decentralized network of nodes, meaning no single entity controls the system. This ensures trust, transparency, and security by distributing control across a global network of participants. - **Immutable**: Once data is written to Ethereum's blockchain, it cannot be altered or deleted. This ensures that transactions and smart contract outcomes are permanent and verifiable. - **Energy efficient**: Ethereum is transitioning from a proof-of-work consensus mechanism to proof-of-stake, reducing energy consumption. 99.9% more efficient than Bitcoin. - **Programmable**: Ethereum allows developers to create decentralized applications (dApps) through smart contracts, enabling programmable interactions with the blockchain. These applications can execute predefined rules automatically when conditions are met. - **Turing complete**: Ethereum’s scripting language is Turing complete, meaning it can execute any computation or logic that can be described algorithmically. - **Credibly neutral**: Ethereum is designed to be neutral, not favoring any particular group or application. This creates an equal and open environment where anyone can build and participate without discrimination. - **Unstoppable code**: Once deployed, smart contracts on Ethereum cannot be stopped or modified by any centralized authority. This makes decentralized applications resistant to manipulation or interference. - **Censorship resistant**: Ethereum’s decentralized nature makes it difficult for any government or entity to block or censor transactions. We have the freedom to interact with the blockchain without fear of interference. - **Public**: Ethereum’s blockchain is transparent and open to everyone. All transaction data and smart contract interactions can be accessed and verified by anyone with an internet connection. - **Open source**: Ethereum's software code is open-source, meaning anyone can view, use, or contribute to its development. This encourages collaboration, innovation, and transparency within the Ethereum ecosystem. >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): — >- **West** (similar): — >- **East** (different): — >- **South** (downstream): —