>[!abstract] >The expansion of the moral circle, articulated by Peter Singer, describes the historical and ethical process by which humans extend moral concern beyond narrow in-groups to include ever-wider circles of beings. Initially focused on kin and tribe, this circle has expanded over time to encompass other races, nations, and genders, and, in Singer’s argument, should extend to non-human animals and future generations. The concept frames moral progress as widening empathy and recognizing the interests of others as equally worthy of consideration. It challenges speciesism and parochialism, urging that ethics evolve alongside growing awareness of interdependence and shared vulnerability. >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Ethical universalism]] >- **West** (similar): [[Cosmopolitanism]] >- **East** (different): [[Parochialism]], [[Tribalism]] >- **South** (downstream): [[Animal rights]], [[Sentientism]]