>[!abstract] >The four-frame model, developed by Lee Bolman and Terrence Deal, is a framework for understanding organizations through four distinct lenses. The **structural frame** views organizations as rational systems of roles, goals, and policies, emphasizing clarity and efficiency. The **human resources frame** focuses on people’s needs, skills, and relationships, highlighting alignment between individual and organizational goals. The **political frame** sees organizations as arenas of competing interests, power, and negotiation. The **symbolic frame** interprets culture, rituals, and meaning as central to cohesion and motivation. By shifting among frames, leaders can better diagnose issues and adapt strategies to complex organizational realities. >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Organizational theory]] >- **West** (similar): [[Competing values framework]] >- **East** (different): — >- **South** (downstream): —