>[!abstract] >A **fourth place** is an evolution of the sociological concept of the [[third place]] driven by the shift toward the knowledge economy. [[Morrison, 2018|Morrison (2018)]] proposes the following combinations of first (home), second (workplace), and third (gathering) places based on an urban study centered on Paris: > >- *Coliving* merges the first and second places to combine living and working (e.g., working alone from home, or living together in hacker houses); >- *Coworking* merges the second and third places to combine working and socializing (e.g., working from WeWork or Starbucks); >- *Comingling* merges the first and third places to combine living and socializing (e.g., hotels with common event spaces, residences with a shared rooftop). >- *Fourth place* merges the first, second, and third places to combine living, working, and socializing (e.g., a residence with workspaces and shared entertainment areas). >[!image] >[[Morrison, 2018|Morrison (2018)]] has suggested that the first, second, and third place concepts have started overlapping, based on observational evidence in the city of Paris. > >![[Fourth place 2.svg]] >[!quote] The combination of the first and second place — The coliving space >The combination of the first place (home) and the second place (work) is the coliving space. In 2016, the startup *HackerHouse* was created in Paris. The startup provides shared accommodations and working areas to entrepreneurs. As of 2017, the *HackerHouse* has four apartments that each have different focuses, such as virtual reality, blockchain, software development, and design. The *HackerHouse* also organizes events and meetups for the public and for the “Hackers” living in the *HackerHouses*. In one HackerHouse for instance, the amenities include shared bedrooms with bunk beds for up to 10 people, two bathrooms, a kitchen, and common areas with large working tables, TV screens, white boards, and high-speed internet. In Reinventing Paris, the *Bains Douches & Co’s* in the 15th district includes two buildings, one building dedicated to shared apartments and one building dedicated to coworking space (Pavillon de l’Arsenal, 2016). The function of coliving space and to create an atmosphere conducive to living and working under the same roof ([[Morrison, 2018]], p. 4). >[!quote] The combination of the second and third place — The coworking space >The combination of the second place (work) and the third place is the coworking space. *Hubsy*, *Anticafé*, *Craft Coffee Shop*, and *10H10* are coworking cafés in which people pay an hourly or daily flat rate in order to work in the coffee place while having access to free drinks and food. In contrast with traditional café place (third place), where the primarily function is “to enjoy each other’s company” (Oldenburg & Brissett, 1982, p. 269), the co-working cafés’ function is to work and network. Coworking places such as *WeWork La Fayette* in the 9th district have a coffee shop and a pop-up restaurant at the center of its coworking space. The *Bureau* in the 8th district is a luxury coworking place that has a high-end restaurant and bar open only to its residents and the residents’ guests. *Numa* and *Cool and Workers*, in the 2nd district and the 11th district, respectively, each open their first floors, which include coffee shops, to residents and guests. The startup *BlaBlaCar*, a collaborative car-sharing company, provides its workers with workstations but also common areas with a café. The function of coworking space is to create an atmosphere conducive to work and network in order to favor the exchange of knowledge and to foster collaboration opportunities ([[Morrison, 2018]], p. 4–5). >[!quote] The combination of the first and third place — The comingling space >The combination of the first place (home) and the third place is the comingling space. In Reinventing Paris, *Le 29 Hôtel (très) Particulier* in the 17th district, mixes shared apartments and shared common spaces offering to the residents and guests cultural events and concierge services (Pavillon de l’Arsenal, 2016). *Mama Shelter* and *Mob Hotel* are hotels that not only offer the traditional bedrooms but also shared common areas in order to favor networking and mingling between the guests. The *Allure* residential project in the ZAC Clichy-Batignolles will provide its residents with shared spaces, a shared rooftop with a shared kitchen, and concierge services. The function of the comingling spaces is to favor social interactions and networking opportunities between its residents ([[Morrison, 2018]], p. 5). >[!quote] The combination of the first, second, and third Place — The fourth place >The combination of the first place (home), second place (work), and the third place is the fourth place. Opened in 2017, *Station F* is a 34,000-square-meter innovation center that combines restaurants, bars, a post office, fablab, and 3,046 working desks for 1,100 startups (Dillet, 2017). In 2018, *Station F* will open *Home*, a 100 shared apartments residence for the entrepreneurs and knowledge workers working at *Station F*. In Reinventing Paris, the *Stream Building* offers *Zoku* mini lofts with shared spaces, co-working space, a shared rooftop, bars, and restaurants. The *Stream Building* is divided into four categories: Stream Work, Stream Play, Stream Eat, and Stream Play. The fourth place blurs the frontier, within the same space, of the first (home), second (work), and third place making the space, a place in itself. The function of the fourth place is to foster networking, to promote mingling, and to favor collaboration, face-to-face interactions, and the exchange of tacit knowledge ([[Morrison, 2018]], p. 5). >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Knowledge economy]], [[Third place]] >- **West** (similar): — >- **East** (different): — >- **South** (downstream): — ![[related.base|no-toolbar]]