>[!abstract] >The liar’s paradox is a self-referential logical paradox that arises when a statement refers to its own falsity, as in the classic form: "This statement is false". If the statement is true, then what it says must hold, making it false; but if it is false, then the statement must be true, producing a contradiction. The paradox exposes deep problems in defining truth and reference within a single language and has influenced developments in logic, semantics, and philosophy, including [[Tarski’s semantic hierarchy]] and [[Gödel’s incompleteness theorems]]. It remains a central example of the limits of self-reference in formal systems. >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Semantic paradox]] >- **West** (similar): — >- **East** (different): — >- **South** (downstream): —