>[!abstract] >The problem of emergence refers to the philosophical and scientific challenge of explaining how complex systems exhibit properties and behaviors that are not reducible to, or predictable from, their constituent parts. Emergent phenomena — such as consciousness arising from neural activity, market dynamics from individual choices, or life from molecular interactions — appear novel, irreducible, and often display qualitative shifts once a system reaches a certain level of organization. The debate centers on whether emergence is "weak" (fully explainable in principle by lower-level laws) or "strong" (requiring new principles or irreducible explanations). It underscores tensions between reductionism and holism in understanding complexity. >[!quote] >The immutable laws of the Universe defined by physics laws underpin life's origin, evolution and the development of human culture and technology, yet they do not predict the emergence of these phenomena ([[Sharma et al., 2023]]). >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Emergence]] >- **West** (similar): — >- **East** (different): — >- **South** (downstream): —