>[!abstract] >The Strauss–Howe generational theory, devised by William Strauss and Neil Howe, describes a theorized recurring generation cycle in American history and Western history. According to the theory, historical events are associated with recurring generational personas (archetypes). Each generational persona unleashes a new era (called a turning) lasting around 21 years, in which a new social, political, and economic climate (mood) exists. They are part of a larger cyclical "saeculum" (a long human life, which usually spans around 85 years, although some saecula have lasted longer). The theory states that a crisis recurs in American history after every saeculum, which is followed by a recovery (high). During this recovery, institutions and communitarian values are strong. Ultimately, succeeding generational archetypes attack and weaken institutions in the name of autonomy and individualism, which eventually creates a tumultuous political environment that ripens conditions for another crisis (Wikipedia, 2025). >[!quote] >Hard times create strong men. Strong men create good times. Good times create weak men. And, weak men create hard times (Hopf, 2016). >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Strauss–Howe generational theory]] >- **West** (similar): [[Kondratiev waves]] >- **East** (different): [[Linear-progress view of history]] >- **South** (downstream): [[The Four Turnings]]