>[!abstract] >A veridical [[Paradox|paradox]] is a type of paradox in which reasoning that appears absurd or counterintuitive nonetheless leads to a conclusion that is demonstrably true. It is one of three categories of paradoxes proposed by [[Quine, 1976|Quine (1976)]] based on their epistemic validity (*how* the reasoning fails or surprises us). Unlike [[Falsidical paradox|falsidical paradoxes]] (which rest on hidden errors) or [[Antinomic paradox|antinomies]] (which expose logical contradictions), veridical paradoxes challenge intuition without breaking logic. They highlight the limits of intuition in domains like probability, statistics, and logic, and the need for formal reasoning to resolve apparent contradictions. >[!example] Examples >- [[Birthday paradox]] >- [[Monty Hall problem]] >- [[Simpson’s paradox]] >- [[Three prisoners problem]] >[!related] >- **North** (upstream): [[Paradox]] >- **West** (similar): — >- **East** (different): [[Antinomic paradox]], [[Falsidical paradox]] >- **South** (downstream): —