>[!citation] >Bostrom, N. (2005). A history of transhumanist thought. *Journal of evolution and technology*, *14*(1). https://jetpress.org/volume14/bostrom.html >[!abstract] >This paper traces the cultural and philosophical roots of transhumanist thought and describes some of the influences and contributions that led to the development of contemporary transhumanism (Bostrom, 2005). >[!abstract] Summary >In this paper, philosopher Nick Bostrom traces the evolution of transhumanism, highlighting humanity's enduring aspiration to transcend its biological limitations. This desire is evident in ancient myths like the "Epic of Gilgamesh," which explores themes of immortality. Throughout history, various cultural narratives, such as the concept of the "golem" in Judaic mysticism and the "Sorcerer's Apprentice," reflect humanity's fascination with creating beings that surpass human capabilities. > >The term "transhumanism" was popularized by Julian Huxley in 1957, who envisioned it as humanity's self-directed evolution through technology. The late 20th century saw the formalization of transhumanist ideas with the founding of the World Transhumanist Association in 1998 by Bostrom and David Pearce. This organization aimed to promote the ethical use of technology to enhance human capacities and address potential challenges associated with human enhancement. > >Bostrom emphasizes that transhumanism is rooted in secular humanist thinking but is more radical in advocating for the direct application of medicine and technology to overcome basic biological limits. The movement encourages a critical evaluation of both the opportunities and risks associated with emerging technologies, aiming to enhance human well-being while preserving meaningful relationships and ecological diversity. > >In summary, transhumanism represents a synthesis of ancient human desires and modern technological possibilities, advocating for the ethical advancement of human capacities beyond current biological constraints.