>[!citation] >Wolfram, S. (2002). _A new kind of science_. Wolfram Media. > [!abstract] > *A New Kind of Science* is a book by Stephen Wolfram, published by his company Wolfram Research under the imprint Wolfram Media in 2002. It contains an empirical and systematic study of computational systems such as cellular automata. Wolfram calls these systems simple programs and argues that the scientific philosophy and methods appropriate for the study of simple programs are relevant to other fields of science (Wikipedia, 2025). > [!quote] > There's a tradition of scientists approaching senility to come up with grand, improbable theories, Wolfram is unusual in that he's doing this in his 40s (Freeman, 2002, as cited in Levy, 2002).